Bad breath (halitosis)
Halitosis is a persistent, unpleasant odour to the breath. It's a common condition that most often occurs in adults, though children can also be affected.
Causes and triggers
Most cases of bad breath are caused by a condition of the mouth. Here are the most common causes:
- Tobacco use
- Certain foods (e.g., onions, garlic, coffee, alcohol)
- Bacteria on the tongue
- Dental problems (e.g., cavities, gingivitis, periodontitis, abscesses)
- Poor oral hygiene
- Lack of saliva
In rare cases, bad breath can be caused by disorders outside the mouth, such as a sinus or lung infection, a foreign object in the nose, or cancer of the mouth or nose. Despite what people often think, bad breath rarely stems from the stomach or digestive system.
Pseudo-halitosis is when a person is convinced that their breath smells bad when it actually does not.
Treatment
The causes of bad breath are generally easy to treat. Once the cause has been identified, a health care professional will usually be able to treat it.
Most cases of bad breath can also be resolved with a few simple measures:
- Brushing your teeth and tongue daily
- Flossing
- Quitting smoking
- Reducing your coffee and alcohol consumption
- Receiving regular and proper dental care
When should I see a health care professional?
Consult a health care professional if you have bad breath and any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Pus-filled sputum or nasal discharge
- Abnormal spots in your mouth
If you suffer from bad breath but do not have any of the symptoms above, a health care professional will be able to answer any questions you may have.
For more information:
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The patient information leaflets are provided by Vigilance Santé Inc. This content is for information purposes only and does not in any manner whatsoever replace the opinion or advice of your health care professional. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment.