FAQ - Opioids, Overdose and Naloxone

Opioids are analgesic drugs used primarily to reduce pain. In this class of drug, the most frequently used are Codeine, Morphine, Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Oxycodone (Supeudol), Fentanyl and Methadone.

Intoxication occurs when these two conditions are met:

An opioid is taken in an inappropriate way (eg: non-compliance with the dosage, not following the recommendations, taking someone else’s medicine) AND causes a serious health problem.

• Blue coloring of the lips or nails (cyanosis)
• Extreme drowsiness (difficulty staying awake or loss of consciousness)
• Slow, weak or nonexistent breathing
• Deceleration or absence of heartbeat
• Very small pupils
• Cold and moist skin
• Dizziness and confusion
• Choking, gurgling or snoring sounds
• Inability to wake up, even if shaken or with a loud noise (a scream)

• Follow the frequency and indications of prescribed doses.
• Do not take someone else’s medication.
• Return unused medications or leftovers (once your therapy is over by doctor’s order) to avoid confusion.
• Avoid taking drugs that are no longer useful.
• Make your loved ones aware of the risk of taking opioids.
• Keep your medication out of the reach of children and use child-resistant containers.

Naloxone is an antidote used to reverse the effect of an opioid overdose. It is available in two forms:  injectable and intranasal form. The intranasal form is administered by a nasal spray, which is the preferred way.

If you use opioids or have contact with their users, you can receive a free kit from your pharmacist. In some provinces, you might need an ID card or health insurance card.

• Keep naloxone at room temperature and protect it from light.
• Check the expiry date. 
• Keep the naloxone in its original package before use. 

When you pick up your naloxone kit at the pharmacy, the pharmacist will explain how to administer naloxone and give you advice. 

Important tips 

• Even if someone received naloxone, it is important for them to go the hospital. This antidote acts for a short period of time only, so the risk of overdose is still real after the effects of naloxone dissipate. 
• The Good Samaritan Act provides some legal protection for witnesses or victims of overdose such as possession of an illegal substance.

• If you take an opioid and you feel ready to stop it or reduce the dose, ask to meet your pharmacist.
• The pharmacist can suggest alternative medicines or treatments.
• He can provide you with a naloxone kit, as well as explain how and when to use it.