Probiotics

Patient sheet

The human intestinal flora (also called intestinal microbiota) naturally contains billions of living microorganisms (microbes). Probiotics contain microorganisms that do not infect the human body. Rather, they can help improve digestion, contribute to the production of essential vitamins, boost the immune system, and form a barrier against microbial infections. There are a variety of probiotic strains. Each strain has benefits that promote the maintenance of healthy intestinal flora. When used as dietary supplements, probiotics can be taken in many forms (e.g., fermented milk, yogurt, capsules, tablets, lozenges, vaginal capsules).

Other names

• Microbiota
• Certain types of bacteria or yeast in the Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Saccharomyces boulardii groups

Common uses

This non-exhaustive list presents the most frequent applications. However, they may vary from one product to another.

A variety of commercial products containing probiotics are available, each with their own health claims. Recommended doses vary depending on the product and intended use. To avoid confusion regarding dosage, read the information on the product's packaging and seek advice from your health care provider.

Side effects

In addition to its intended effects, this product may occasionally cause side effects:

• Abdominal cramps
• Nausea
• Soft stool
• Intestinal gas
• Change in taste

This non-exhaustive list presents the most frequent and relevant side effects. If you think you're experiencing side effects, speak to your health care provider.

Warnings

Natural health products are not without risk. They may be incompatible with certain health issues or interact with your medications. Always speak with a health care professional before taking this product, especially in the following cases:

• You're taking prescription or over-the-counter medications
• You have a weakened immune system
• You have an infection
• You have a severe disease of the digestive system
• You have pancreatitis
• You have a heart valve disorder
• You're pregnant or breastfeeding

Probiotics should generally be avoided in premature babies. Find out before giving them any.

Always inform your health care providers of your existing health issues, and make sure to mention any medications that you're taking, either on a regular or irregular basis, including non-prescription drugs, vitamins, and natural health products.

If you're taking a medication for a specific health condition, do not attempt to replace it with a natural health product without first consulting a health care professional, such as your doctor or pharmacist.

General notes

Make sure to inform your health care providers if any of the following applies:

• You have allergies (e.g., medication, food)
• You're pregnant or want to become pregnant, or you're breastfeeding
• You use tobacco, cannabis or cannabis derivatives, or recreational drugs

Keeping a list of your current medications with you at all times is strongly recommended. It may come in handy if you need to see a health care professional or call emergency services.

As with medication, store your natural health products out of reach of children and pets, and return unused or expired products to the pharmacy for safe disposal.